Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development Essay

Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development - Essay Example The credit crunch has implications both on recruitment and selection on one hand and training and development on the other hand of human resources across organisations in the United Kingdom such as Standard Chartered (Amyx, 2004, pp121-9). The rate of unemployment increases releasing the tensions associated with shortage of skills. But where the skill shortages result from the constraints of supply side, then the tension remains. Similarly, the skills arose from buoyant demand will disappear (Venugopal Reddy, 2010, pp256-289). The tight search for talents will continue after recession at a comparatively lower level. Additionally, the management of talents is focused on the retention of strategic personnel. The rate of growth for wages will be moderate, but will shrink mostly in sectors where a significant proportion of the pay benefits comprise bonuses due to the need to reduce costs (Allison, 2013, pp178-234). The company will have to revise its current salary schemes as it tries to look for cheaper means to finance its activities. The earnings of the public sector will trigger industrial unrest as negotiations for wages will become more difficult with the trade unions. Marx explains the credit crisis from the perspective of the business cycle. The business cycle refers to the booms and slumps in an economy. He explains the occurrence of the boom as when invest heavily while anticipating generation of huge profits. This results into competition among the firms. Consequently, output expands rapidly. The investments by firms to widen their profit bases again create an opportunity for other firms which supply them with capital goods, for example machinery, and other products. The economy experiences booms as more output is produced and reduced unemployment rates (Amyx, 2004, pp121-9). This boom does not last as accumulation of capital with time reduces the profits made by the companies. According to Marx, the

Parenting Skills Essay Example for Free

Parenting Skills Essay 1. What role do you think discipline plays in developing a child’s self-esteem? What forms of discipline best serve the self-esteem of the child or adolescent? 2. List and discuss how activities, clubs, or sports, impact the self-esteem of children and parents. Provide at least two activities, clubs, or sports in your answer. Discussion Answers 1. I think that discipline done correctly could help in a child’s self-esteem. When you discipline a child make sure that they understand WHY and it makes them feel trustworthy, and included. If you treat discipline like a dictatorship the child feels like you’re abusive and they are stupid and untrustworthy. people with low self-esteem generally Fail to achieve their goals, Are not able to pursue accomplishments in a responsible and disciplined manner, Have poor communication skills, Have a pessimistic view on life, Are prone to anxiety, depression, hostility, loneliness, shame, and guilt, Form unhealthy, destructive relationships with others, and Make decisions in life more to please others than to adhere to their own interests and value systems. I think that discipline done correctly could help in a child’s self-esteem. When you discipline a child make sure that they need to understand what is happening and they need to feel included. If you treat discipline like a dictatorship the child feels like you’re abusive. people with low self-esteem generally fail to achieve their goals, have poor communication skills, have a negative view on life and are prone to anxiety, depression, loneliness, and guilt. Also, form unhealthy, destructive relationships with others, and make decisions in life more to please others. 2. Parents should encourage children to participate in sports and clubs that are productive and give a feeling of accomplishment. However, it is not always advantageous for a parent to push a child toward a particular sport or activity because sometimes the parents will push their children towards their dream sports or activities they wanted to do as a child. 3. parents should encourage children to participate in sports and clubs that are productive and give their children a feeling of accomplishment. However, it is not always advantageous for a parent to push a child toward a particular sport or activi ty.

Cultural Impact of Hinduism in India Essay -- Cause Effect India Essay

Cultural Impact of Hinduism in India Huge population, pollution, peace, snakes, saris, dance, curry, and religion are probably the most popular words that come up when we think about India. India is a well-known country. Although it is a relatively poor country, it has a rich and diverse culture. India is populated by approximately 953 million people. It has been a home for many religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity. The first four mentioned above originated in India (Finegan 151). Seventy percent of the populations are Hindus. In fact, Hinduism is the oldest and third largest religion in the world. Hinduism has deeply influenced Indian society, for several reasons: it has a long history in this place, it is related to the social status of Indians, and it is integrated with the cultural aspects in India. Hinduism has faith in the deity that is visualized in a triad. They are Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the preserver; and Siva, the destroyer. The article about Hinduism in the www.religioustolerance.org states that there are thousands of gods that Hindus believe, but generally there are two major sects in Hinduism; the Vaishnavaism – esteems Vishnu as the supreme god, and Shivaism – esteems Siva as the supreme god. Like other religions, Hinduism has books that give its followers directions for living. They are the Vedas and Upanishads, and epics such as Mahabarata, Ramayana, and Bhagwad Gita. The Vedas is the most fundamental book for Hindus. It was dictated by the god Syva's son, named Ganesha. In Hinduism, the basic goals of life called purushartha or "The Four Ends of Man," include dharma (acting righteously and fulfilling one's duties), artha (money, prosperity, or wealth... ... Because of its long tradition, its links to social status and its integration with cultural activities, Hinduism has had an enormous influence on Indian society. It is not only a religion, but also a way of life for Indians. Works Cited Chopra, P.N., ed. Religions and Communities of India. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities, 1982. "Culture". Welcome to India (1999). 8 Mar. 2000 <http://www.welcometoindia.com/home.html>. de Bary, Wm. Theodore, ed. Sources of Indian Tradition. New York: Columbia UP, 1960. Finegan, Jack. India Today! St. Louis, Missouri: The Bethany Press, 1955. "Hinduism". Religious Tolerance Organization (1999). 8 Mar.2000 <http://www.religioustolerance.org/hinduism.htm>. Sharma, Arvind, ed. Our Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers, 1995. Weber, Max. The Religion of India. Illinois: Glencoe, 1962.

Communication styles Essay

The impact of communication in marriage cannot be overemphasized as it is the main method of solving any crisis or conflict arising. There are different communication styles that can be applied in a marriage, expressiveness, driving, and relativity or analytical are forms of communication that may be used in marriage. Expressers get excited personal, waste time with too many facts or even show emotion to their partners while those with driving communication styles become very decisive and offer strong view points. Those who are relative in the way they are communicating, like positive attention and may want their partners to be helpful. This group of persons however, shies off when real problems come in especially when it comes to handling the children. This communication style is used by young marriages where partners just about 25 years of age get married. Communications styles can also be described as passive, assertive or aggressive. Passive forms communication involves putting the tights of the other partner before yours i.e. minimizing your own self worth at the expense of the marriage. Being assertive means that one partner in the marriage stands up for his or her rights while maintaining respect for the other i. e. all the partners in the marriage are all equal. Aggressiveness is a communication style that ensures that a wife or a husband stands up for his pr her right and in the process violate the rights of the other. This style of communication is usually the worst and may lead to divorce in extreme cases. Marriage resiliency Marriage resiliency is the couple’s capacity to develop and cultivate strengths from each other for the common good of the marriage in order ton meet their challenges . Resiliency can be defined to describe the responsive capabilities, social dynamics that foster health development of the marriage. Resiliency starts from an individual capacity to a family and community level making sure that the marriage bounces back after experiencing non-normative and expected challenges. Family resilience is characterized by invariant approaches that are dimensioned to help families resist any form of disruption in the face of change and become adaptive when a crisis occurs. Immigration and marriage Marriages are usually negatively affected by immigration procedures. Different countries have different laws governing the marriage of its citizens to non-citizens. It is usually an impediment to couples’ relationships because certain laws may offer recognition to one of the partner and the other is left out. However, with the emergence of dual citizenship rights, the issue may in the near future become a thing of the past. ‘Till death do us part? ’ This figure of speech is common in all wedding ceremonies and the couple getting married solemnly swear to the congregation that they will remain together till death do them part. Most critics believe that as long as there are increased cultural differences, modernization of societies and increases in domestic violence, the metaphor no longer makes sense. Every man and woman believes that they can live happily with each other especially when it is based on the performance of the two during courtship. This is not usually the case because immediately after marriage, the two members start quarrelling over this or that. This is the major contributing factor to the family problems and other domestic issues that families experience these days. It has been said that the more society becomes complicated, the more marriages become complicated and finally the more families become complicated. It is however, recommended that a personal commitment to each other within the marriage become the kingpin of the relationship. Lessons learnt from writing on marriage It has been interesting while researching on this topic. It is one of the research works that not only serves as an academic tool but also provides a learning opportunity for a person like me. Marriage is part and parcel of life and majority of the young people would dream of having better lives in future through marriage. Most young people believe that to secure there future and their old age days, they need to have married properly and have children who will look after the in future. Going through the types of marriages, its integration to the family setting and the importance of knowing the exact roles of each partner in a marriage is particularly useful. The various rules and boundaries that must be set to ensure the sustainability and stability of a marriage gives one an overview of how it is possible to develop them in real life situations through the experiences of other people and such kind of research. Therefore, this is one of the rare opportunities in life where one gets to learn more about what directly affects him or her in life. Personally, I feel grateful for the work I have done on this subject and I feel obliged to tell others about the integration of marriage systems in our families to enable them form good families now and in the future Questions for further research Marriage as part of a family practice continues to be complex especially with the emergence of contradicting legislation and complex societies; there is need for further research on; the impacts of different types of marriages on the extended families, development of policies and laws, and the society in general . What are the solutions to these? And what could be the role of governments and learning institutions in maintaining and making sure that marriages serve the purposed they are intended to. Other issues of concern are the ability of people to adopt resilience as a way of recovering from married related violence such as divorce, is divorce the answer to breaking marriages? With advancement in technology including foster mothers, test tube babies and the like, what could be the implications of these in cultural marriages and societies? Conclusion Marriages are forming a family. Marriage roles, rules, resilience abilities, communication styles, and spouse differences are issues that can affect the formation, development and improvement. Good marriage values are important not only for family cohesion but also for societal cultural maintenance. Challenges regarding re-orientation of the marriages within a family are many and common in this modern society, the problem is the manner in which they are currently addressed. References Antonovsky, A. , & Sourani, T (1988): Family sense of coherence and family adaptation.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 79-92 Kaufman, J. , & Ziegler, E. (1987): Do abused children become abusive parents? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 186-192 McCubbin, H. , & Patterson, J. M. (1983): The family stress process; The Double Helix ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation, Social stress and the family: Advances in family stress theory and research New York pp. 7 -38. Nichols, M. , & Schwartz, R. (2000): Family communications: Concepts and methods, 5th edition, Needham Heights press Rolland, J. S. , & Weine, S. (2000): Kosovar Family Professional Educational Collaborative. AFTA Newsletter, 79, 34-43 Rutter, M. (1987): psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-330 Stacey, J. (1990): Brave new families: Stories of domestic upheaval in late 20th century America. New York: Basic Books. Walsh, F. , & McGoldrick, M (1998): Families in later life: Challenge and opportunities. The expanded life cycle Needham Heights, MA: pp. 307-327 Walsh, F. , & McGoldrick, M (1991): Living beyond loss: Death in the family. New York: Norton.

Journal Entries for habit

Journal Entries for habit one and two Habit 1: Be Proactive According to Stephen Covey, being proactive is part of human nature and humans are responsible for their own lives. He indicated the details of a social map which consist of Genetic determinism (Ancestors), Psychic determinism (Parents) and Environment determinism (Boss or something in the environment). The proactive concept was explained further using the Stimulus and Response relationship and the catalyst story of Viltor Frankl. Between Stimulus and Response, man has the ability or freedom to choose.This means one can decide how to reactive to thing or how to handle each situation. What matters most is how we respond to what we experience in life. We need to take initiative and this means recognizing our responsible to make things happen. We need to act or be acted upon. In Covey’s own words, reactive people are also affected by their social environment, by the â€Å"social weather. † When people treat them w ell, they feel well; when people don’t, they become defensive or protective. Proactive people are still influenced by external stimuli, whether physical, social, or psychological.But their response to the stimuli, conscious or unconscious, is a value-based choice or response. Proactive people aren’t pushy. They’re smart, they’re value driven, they read reality, and they know what’s needed. Another important issue he raised in the book is for people to expand their circle of influence. Habit two: Begin with the end in mind According to Covey, â€Å"Begin with the End in Mind† is to begin today with the image, picture, or paradigm of the end of your life as your frame of reference or the criterion by which everything else is examined.It further means to start with a clear understanding of your destination. Using the principle that all things are created twice, Covey said the unique human capacities of self-awareness, imagination, and conscienc e enable us to examine first creations and make it possible for us to take charge of our own first creation, to write our own script. â€Å"Habit 2 is based on principles of personal leadership, which means that leadership is the first creation. Leadership is not management. † Stephen Covey said as he explained the second habit.He further in the book explained that, in business proactive powerful leadership must constantly monitor environmental change, particularly customer buying habits and motives, and provide the force necessary to organize resources in the right direction. Later in the book, Covey stated that, the most effective way he knows to begin with the end in mind is to develop a personal/ family/ organizational mission statement or philosophy or creed. It focuses on what one wants to be and to do (contributions and achievements) and on the values or principles upon which being and doing are based.Visualization and affirmation were also talked about. Shairay Jones Journal Entries for habit three and four Habit Three: Put first things first. To Covey, we are responsible for our own effectiveness, for our own happiness, and ultimately for most of our circumstances. The third habit is the personal fruit of habit 1 and 2. In Habit 3 according to Covey, we are dealing with many of the questions addressed in the field of life and time management. He used an illustration of four quadrants to show the essence of this habit and time management.Quadrant I stood for both urgent and important things. Quadrant III stood for urgent but not important things. Quadrant IV – not important, not urgent things while Quadrant II which is the heart of effective personal management stood for not urgent, but important things. These things to him are what we should put first before any other thing. He also talked about ‘gofer delegation’ and ‘stewardship delegation’ (taking control and giving control out respectively). Part three: Publ ic Victory At this part, Covey talked about the Paradigm of Interdependence.He asked us to remember that effective interdependence can only be built on a foundation of true independence. Private Victory precedes Public Victory. In the same way, Algebra comes before calculus. To expatiate on this point, Covey noted that independence is an achievement. Interdependence is a choice only independent people can make. So the place to begin building any relationship is inside ourselves, inside our Circle of Influence, our own character. Stephen further recollected an incidence he had with his two sons to explain what attending to little things meant.To him, Small discourtesies, little unkindnesses, little forms of disrespect make large withdrawals in our lives. In relationship for instance, the little thing are the big things. Keeping commitments, Clarifying expectations, showing personal integrity, apologizing sincerely when we make a withdrawal from our emotional bank are important things to do to make deposits in to our emotional banks. Covey mentioned that, with the paradigm of the Emotional Bank Account in mind, we’re ready to move into the habits of Public Victory, or success in working with other people.Habit 4: Think win-win (Principles of Interpersonal leadership) Under this heading, Covey narrated his personal experience at work with a company and at the end he noted that, whether you are the president of a company or the janitor, the moment you step from independence into interdependence in any capacity, you step into a leadership role. You are in a position of influencing other people. And the habit of effective interpersonal leadership is to think win-win. In addition, I learnt from this book that, win-win is not a technique but a total philosophy of human interaction.The principle of win-win begins with character then moves to relationship. Everything else is built on character. Maturity is the second foundation for win-win. To Covey, Maturity is the balance between courage and consideration. To go for win-win, you not only have to be nice, you have to be courageous. You not only have to be empathic, you have to be confident. You not only have to be considerate and sensitive, you have to be brave. That’s why we need to be internally matured, according to Stephen Covey.The third characteristic of a win-win case is the abundance mentality, the paradigm that there is plenty out there for everybody. From the foundation of character, we build and maintain win-win relationship. Shairay Jones Journal Entries for habit five, six, and seven Habit 5: Seek first to understand, then to be understood. Principles of Empathic Communication Stephen Covey began this session by saying this â€Å"if I were to summarize in one sentence the single most important principle I have learned in the field of interpersonal relations, it would be this: Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood. To him this principle is the key to effective interpersonal communication. It shows how we have such a tendency to rush in, to fix things up with good advice. But we often fail to take the time to diagnose, to really, deeply understand the problem first. There is a link between character and communication. Communication is the most important skill in life. In addition to communication, Covey emphasized emphatic listening, another important factor aiding the fifth habit. We must always seek first to understand before seeking to be understood.Empathic listening means listening with intent to understand and that is needed for habit 5. Diagnosing before we prescribe is also needed for this habit. Habit 6: Synergy Principles of Creative Cooperation â€Å"Synergy is the essence of Principle-Centered Leadership. It is the essence of principle-centered parenting and it catalyzes, unifies, and unleashes the greatest powers within people. All the habits we have covered prepare us to create the miracle of synergy†. Stephen Covey. He defined synergy to mean that, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.He illustrated this in different scenarios and talked about synergistic communication. He explained that, when you communicate synergistically, you are simply opening your mind and heart and expressions to new possibilities, new alternatives, new options. He talked about synergy in the classroom and in business. Another important thing he talked about was what he called Negative synergy. He also talked about valuing the difference; this to him is the essence of synergy, the mental, the emotional, and the psychological differences between people.And the key to valuing those differences is to realize that all people see the world, not as it is, but as they are. Part four: RENEWAL Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw Over here, he spoke about the principles of balanced self-renewal. This final habit involves taking time to sharpen the saw and it surrounds the other habits on the Seven Habits paradigm because it is the habit that makes all the others possible. According to him, it involves preserving and enhancing the greatest asset we have. Us) â€Å"Sharpen the Saw† basically means expressing all four motivations (physical, spiritual, mental, and social/emotional). It means exercising all four dimensions of our nature, regularly and consistently, in wise and balanced ways. To do this, we must be proactive, according to Covey. He also used the physical dimension, mental dimension, socio/emotional and the spiritual dimension paradigms to explain this point. Furthermore, he noted that balanced renewal is optimally synergetic.The things you do to sharpen the saw in any one dimension have positive impact in other dimensions because they are so highly interrelated. He, at the end, talked about Inside out again by quoting the words of Ezra Taft Benson†¦ â€Å"The Lord works from the inside out. The world works from the outside in. The world would take people out of the slums. Christ takes the slums out of people, and then they take themselves out of the slums. The world would mold men by changing their environment. Christ changes men, who then change their environment.The world would shape human behavior, but Christ can change human nature. † Shairay Jones Advance Reading Seminar The 7 habits of highly effective people Questions 1. What made Stephen R. Covey write the book? 2. Does he think the 7 habits are still relevant today? 3. Did he think the book would have the type of effect it had on the people? 4. Did the book influence him? How? 5. What habit had the most influence on him? 6. Where did he come up with the seven habits? 7. How does he fell to know that his book sold over 15 million? 8. Did he buy the book when it first came out?

Game Theory in Life

Game Theory in Life Game theory is a proposition used for strategic decisions. Mathematical models are used to examine the interaction between the decision makers, the issue at hand, and the cooperation between the decision makers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Game Theory in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Case Study The conflict issue is about Iran and Israel. A rivalry for influence and power is emerging between the two nations. Iran is becoming uncomfortable with the regional competition posed by Israel. Iran views such competitionas an intention to undermine her revolutionary system. Israel, on the other hand, is disturbed by Iran’s anti-Jewish ideologies together with her increasing military potential, particularly her nuclear energy programs (United Institute of Peace 1). Israel believes that Iran’s nuclear program will be used to create nuclear weapons, which Iran might use to wipe Israel from the world map . Israel already has nuclear energy programs in place. She is worried about Iran’s intentions and is not interested much in offending Iran unless she believes that Iran has crossed the red line, meaning that she is ready to engage in a nuclear war. Iran is also focused on avoiding to show early offence to Israel since she might be resented by a large section of the international community, or even face combined strikes from the UN and Israel allies. It has demonstrated this by holding talks with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) about inquiries into her atomic bomb research (Thomson Reuters 2). Israel, however, is still convinced that Iran is being cleverly deceptive, and therefore wants to engage her directly. The two countries have to respond to the tension that has built between them, and the results of their response might be beneficial or fatal to both or one of them. Summary of the game Issue: Does either of the countries need to boost her military capabilit y in anticipation of war, or embrace more peaceful strategies in order to facilitate arbitration? The players are Israel and Iran. The actions are boosting military capacity to attack the rival, and receding from war preparations in order to maintain peace. The payoffs for the game include:Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A nation loses resources by fighting an unprepared rival and gets a payoff of (-1). Remember that winning the war does not solve the conflict. The unprepared nation falls if attacked by a well-prepared rival. The defeated nation gets a payoff of (-3). A well-prepared nation fights another well-prepared nation, and the battle ends in a draw, and apayoff of 2is gained by each nation. In this case, both nations defend their resources against the rival’s strategies, say each nation fails to strike well because the other one has ensured perfect se lfprotection against attack. Both nations enjoy peace when Iran makes no weapons and Israel trusts her (each of the nations get a payoff of 3). Embracing peace can work for the benefit of both nations if Iran acts in the interest of peace by not manufacturing nuclear weapons, and Israel trusts Iran. Iran can do this by subduing her nuclear capacities and only arming her military to a level that is normal (for defensive purposes only). Israel, on the other hand, will have to respond optimistically by maintaining peace. Sets of strategies IRAN KEEPS PEACE Signs a peace deal with Israel and respects the deal. IRAN OFFENDS Engages in amassing weapons of mass destruction regardless of what Israel does. Israel agrees to maintain peace and trusts Iran’s promises. Iran subdues her military capacity to defensive level. Israel responds by keeping peace. Iran secretly boosts her military capacity to offensive level. Israel keeps peace assuming that Iran is subduing her mili tary capacity to defensive level. Israel prepares for the big warand eventually attacks regardless of what Iran does Iran subdues her military capacity to defensive but Israel still prepares for the big war. Israel does not trust Iran and still strikes. War results before Iran attains nuclear weapon capacity i.e.; Iran escalates conflict to war and fights to offend. Israel is equally prepared and responds by fighting to offend. War ends in a draw. This equilibrium is inherently stable, i.e. what Israel is doing is optimal given what Iran is doing and vice versa and thus none of them would regret her move. 3, 3 Both agree to maintain peace and subdue their military capacities to a normal/defensive level. (Nashequilibrium) -1, -3 One of the nation fights. -3, -1 One of the nation fights. 2, 2 Both fight and battle ends in a draw (none wins) (Nash Equilibrium) 3, 3 is the oneset of stable strategies, and is the first Nash equilibrium. In this set, if both countries keep peace and limit their military capacities to just normal (for defensive purpose only), then neither of them would wish to strike because such a move is unprofitable because it gives a payoff of (-1). 2, 2 is also a stable set and is the second Nash equilibrium.If both nations beef up their military capacities to levels that escalate conflict and result in war, then none of them would wish to recede. Receding gives a payoff of (-3), which is the worst payoff in the game. Neither of the nations would want to fall whether in the presence or absence of war. In a Nash equilibrium, all players follow some rule or natural law, in this case, the law is to survive whether in presence or absence of war, without focusing on any incentive (Boleslavsky, â€Å"Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium† 6). A best responseis a strategy a where player cannot gain more utility by switching to another strategy.Best responses for Israel are:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Game Theory in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More to keep peace if Iran keeps peace, and gain a payoff of 3 instead of fightingher for a payoff of (-1). to fight back if Iran escalates the conflict to a war,and get a payoff of (2), instead of (-3) obtained from receding. Israel’s best responses are marked by asterisks in the table below: 3*, 3 None fights the other (Nash equilibrium) -1, -3 Iran fights but Israel recedes -3, -1 Iran keeps peace and Israel fights 2*, 2 Both fight (Nash equilibrium) Best responses for Iran areto keep peace and get a 3 if Israel keeps peace, instead of getting (-1) by fighting, and to fight back and get a 2 if Israel escalates conflict into a war, and avoid a payoff of (-3) that would be gained from keeping peace. Iran’s best responses are marked by asterisks in the table below: 3, 3* Agree to subdue military capacity to just normal/defensive -1, -3 One fights -3, -1 One fights 2, 2* Both fight and draw (equally prepared for war) In the two sets of equilibrium, no player has an incentive to change her strategy, each has to respond to the other’s actions in a manner that would optimize her utility and therefore: Only individual deviations are useful. There are no useful group deviations. Due to the different weights placed on various strategies, an algorithm for a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium has to be developed. It will allow us to find the mixed strategies available to each of players, which are meant to make their rival indifferent in her choices (Boleslavsky, â€Å"Dynamic Games† 5). Mixed strategies in this case are strategies that: Israel can use to make Iran indifferent on whether to embrace peace or fuel the conflict. Iran can use to make Israel indifferent on whether to embrace peace or fuel the conflict. To come up with this algorithm: Let P1 stand for move towards embracing peace by Iran, and P2 stand for move towards emb racing peace by Israel. Let W1 stand for move towards escalating conflict by Iran,and W2 stand for move towards escalating conflict by Israel. Whenever Israel choses to embrace peace, i.e. avoid anticipating for war by trustingIran, and avoid launching attacks, Iran can chose a randomization strategy to either amass weapons secretly or embrace peace by keeping her military capacity at defensive level only.Advertising Looking for essay on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If Iran choses to embrace peace, i.e. tame her behavior in nuclear program, and keep her military capacity at defensive level, Israel may randomize her choices between trusting Iran so as to embrace peace, and launching war regardless of Iran’s promises to tame herbehavior in the nuclear program. Each country’s mixed strategy is aimed at making the other one’s payoffs (expected utilities) averagely the same, whether they chose to escalate the conflict or embrace peace. Israel’s Mixed Strategy Israel’s mixed strategy is one that makes Iran’s Expected Utility (EU)for choosing to escalate conflict as a pure strategy, equal to that gained from embracing peace as a pure strategy. This can be represented as: EUP1 = EUR1 Iran’s expected utility for choosing peace is a function of a mixed strategy where Israel choses peace as shown below: EUP1 = f (ÏÆ'U) The same applies if Iran choses to escalate the conflict as shown: EUw1 = f (ÏÆ'U) Isra el’s mixed strategy can be solved by examiningthe expected utility for Iran’s move to limit military capacity and be honest, as a function of mixed strategy for Israel’smove to trust Iran, and embrace peace. 3, 3* -1, -3 -3, -1 2, 2* For Israel’s mixed strategy Some percentage of the time, Iran is getting a 3 when Israel moves towards peace, and a (-1) the rest of the time when Israel plays towards causing war. Iran’s expected utility for playing towards peace is: EUP1 = ÏÆ'U(3) + (1 ÏÆ'U)(-1), whereby (1 ÏÆ'U) is the percentage of this time when Israel moves towards war. Similarly, Iran’s expected utility for choosing conflict is EUW1 = ÏÆ'U(-3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (2) Since EUP1 = EUw1,yet we haveEUP1 = ÏÆ'U (3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (-1), and EUW1 = ÏÆ'U (-3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (2): ÏÆ'U (3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (-1) = ÏÆ'U (-3) + (1 ÏÆ'U) (2) By simplifying this, 3ÏÆ'U – 1 + ÏÆ'U = -3ÏÆ'U + 2 2ÏÆ'U 3ÏÆ'U + ÏÆ'U + 3ÏÆ'U + 2ÏÆ'U =2 + 1, therefore 9ÏÆ'U =3 ÏÆ'U =1/3 meaning that if Israel plays towards peace 1/3rd of the time, and towards causing war 2/3rd of the time, then Iran is indifferent on whether to escalate the conflict or tame her nuclear activities and avoid war. Iran’s Mixed Strategy When the same method is applied for Iran’s mixed strategies; EUP2 = EUW2 EUP2 = f (ÏÆ'W1) The same applies if Iran choses to escalate the conflict as shown: EUW2 = f (ÏÆ'W1) EUP2 = EUW2yet we haveEUP2 = ÏÆ'W1 (3) + (1 – ÏÆ'W1) (-1), and EUW2 = ÏÆ'W1 (-3) + (1 – ÏÆ'1) (2): ÏÆ'W1 (3) + (1 – ÏÆ'W1) (-1) = ÏÆ'W1 (-3) + (1 – ÏÆ'W1) (2) By simplifying this, 3ÏÆ'W1– 1 + ÏÆ'W1= -3ÏÆ'W1+ 2 + 2ÏÆ'W1 3ÏÆ'W1 + ÏÆ'W1+ 3ÏÆ'W1+ 2ÏÆ'W1=2 + 1 ÏÆ'W1=1/3 This result means that if Iran plays towards peace 1/3rd of the time and towards war 2/3rdof the time, then Israel is indifferent on whether to escalate the conflict or attack her, and cause war. As a result of this outc ome, the optimal strategy for the nationsis for both Israel and Iran to play towards peace with probability 1/3, and away from it with probability 2/3, so that none of them can change her strategy in a way that can give her competitive advantage over her rival. Boleslavsky, Raphael. Dynamic Games 1 (2011): 5. Boleslavsky, Raphael. Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium. 1 (2011): 6. Thomson Reuters. â€Å"U.N. Nuclear Agency in Talks about Talks with Iran.†The Reuters. Mon Apr 22, 2013: 1-3. Print. United Institute of Peace. â€Å"Israel and Iran: A Dangerous Rivalry from Iran Primer.†The Iran Primer.January 10 (2012):1. Print.

Birmingham Essays - Birmingham, Ladywood, Edgbaston, Smethwick

Birmingham Essays - Birmingham, Ladywood, Edgbaston, Smethwick Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside London. Birmingham is home to five universities: the University of Birmingham, Aston University, Birmingham City University, University College Birmingham and Newman University Birmingham is an important centre for religious education. Birmingham Metropolitan College is one of the largest further education colleges in the country,[213] with fourteen campuses spread across Birmingham. Birmingham has 571 parks. One of Birmingham's most popular parks is Cannon Hill Park consisting of formal, conservation, woodland and sports areas. Recreational activities at the park include boating, fishing, tennis, putting and picnic areas. The largest of the parks is Sutton Park making it the largest urban nature reserve in Europe. Birmingham Botanical Gardens are a Victorian creation, with a conservatory and bandstand, close to the city centre. The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, maintained by the University of Birmingham, is also located close to the city centre. The city centre includes of numerous public squares among them are Centenary Square, Chamberlain Square and Victoria Square. The historic Old Square is located on Corporation Street. Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the newest squares in Birmingham. The Library of Birmingham is the new home for the largest municipal library in Europe. The former Birmingham Central Library, opened in 1972, was considered to be the largest municipal library in Europe. Healthcare The Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Edgbaston houses the largest critical care unit in Europe. There are several major National Health Service hospitals in Birmingham. The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, adjacent to the Birmingham Medical School in Edgbaston, houses the largest critical care unit in Europe,and is also the home of the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, treating military personnel injured in conflict zones. Museums and galleries Birmingham has two major public art collections Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery. The council also owns other museums in the city such as Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewellery Quarter, Soho House and Sarehole Mill. The Birmingham Back to Backs are the last surviving court of back-to-back houses in the city. Cadbury World is a museum showing visitors the stages and steps of chocolate production and the history of chocolate and the company. Thinktank is Birmingham's main science museum, with a giant screen cinema, a planetarium and a collection that includes the Smethwick Engine, the world's oldest working steam engine.

Definition and Examples of Ambiguity in English

Definition and Examples of Ambiguity in English Ambiguity (pronounced am-big-YOU-it-tee) is the presence of two or more possible meanings in a single passage.  The word comes from a Latin term which means, wandering about and the adjective form of the word is ambiguous.  Other terms used for ambiguity are  amphibologia, amphibolia, and  semantic ambiguity.  In addition, ambiguity is sometimes regarded as a  fallacy  (commonly known as  equivocation)  in which the same term is used in more than one way.   In speech and writing, there are two basic types of ambiguity: Lexical ambiguity  is the  presence of two or more possible meanings within a single wordSyntactic ambiguity  is the presence of two or more possible  meanings  within a single sentence or sequence of words Examples and Observations Brave men run in my family.– Bob Hope as Painless Peter Potter in The Paleface, 1948As I was leaving this morning, I said to myself, The last thing you must do is forget your speech. And, sure enough, as I left the house this morning, the last thing I did was to forget my speech.– Rowan AtkinsonI cant tell you how much I enjoyed meeting your husband.– William Empson, Seven Types of Ambiguity, 1947We saw her duck is a paraphrase of We saw her lower her head and of We saw the duck belonging to her, and these last two sentences are not paraphrases of each other. Therefore We saw her duck is ambiguous.– James R. Hurford, Brendan Heasley, and Michael B. Smith, Semantics: A Coursebook, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2007Roy Rogers: More hay, Trigger?Trigger: No thanks, Roy, Im stuffed!Pentagon Plans Swell Deficit– newspaper headlineI cant recommend this book too highly.Leahy Wants FBI to Help Corrupt Iraqi Police Force–headline at CNN.com, Dec ember 2006Prostitutes Appeal to Pope– newspaper headline Union Demands Increased Unemployment– newspaper headlineThanks for dinner. I’ve never seen potatoes cooked like that before.– Jonah Baldwin in the film Sleepless in Seattle, 1993 Because Because can be ambiguous. I didnt go to the party because Mary was there may mean that Marys presence dissuaded me from going or that I went to sample the canapes.– David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, Guardian Style. Guardian Books, 2010 Pun and Irony Quintilian uses amphibolia (III.vi.46) to mean ambiguity, and tells us (Vii.ix.1) that its species are innumerable; among them, presumably, are Pun and Irony.– Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms. University of California Press, 1991An ambiguity, in ordinary speech, means something very pronounced, and as a rule witty or deceitful. I propose to use the word in an extended sense: any verbal nuance, however slight, which gives room for alternative reactions to the same piece of language... We call it ambiguous, I think, when we recognize that there could be a puzzle as to what the author meant, in that alternative views might be taken without sheer misreading. If a pun is quite obvious it would not be called ambiguous, because there is no room for puzzling. But if an irony is calculated to deceive a section of its readers, I think it would ordinarily be called ambiguous.– William Empson, Seven Types of Ambiguity, 1947

Discovery of a Time Capsule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discovery of a Time Capsule - Essay Example Time capsule has numerous benefits and limitations. Among the benefits of time Capsule include: they help Archeologist and future generation to learn about the development of human race and the society at large. In addition, Time Capsule provides vital information concerning people way of life in a given region at a given period. However, despite those benefits, Time Capsule tends to have some limitations. Among those limitations include: they may not adequately provided all the relevant information regarding people in a particular region. In addition, they tend to be based on a particular geographical location and hence, some of the most important facts regarding the entire nations may not be communicated. In addition, capsule tend to be buried on the ground whereby, the archeologist and future generation may not access them items and hence, making them quite an effective method of communication (Rosenberg, 2013).Therefore, this study aims to provide an insight of the five items wer e found in a time capsule of 1960 by Archeologist in the year 2325.In addition, the study will explain the importance of the five items found in defining the era of the 1960s. 1. Describe each of the five items you have found. The five items that were found in the 1960s capsule include: a letter containing information on Vietnam War, a piece of paper containing anti war songs, DVD and CD’S Containing 1960’s of 1960 and photographs of the assassinated political leaders. The letter A letter containing information on Vietnam War was written by Dien Hu to the U.S president requesting for their support after Dien Hu, a French Leader, was defeated by a revolutionary leader, Ho Chi Minh. The letter was further explained the causes of war as well as reasons why United State was involved in the Vietnam War in 1960’s.Based on the letter, the war erupted as a result of political and economic differences between the U.S and Vietnamese regarding the issue of communism. Where by, the United State was against the idea of having communist society because it pulled down the economic development a country. Additionally, the U.S feared that communism might spread into their entire region. However, having U.S being involved in the war, the U.S involvement was not to win the war but to help southern Vietnamese who dint like the idea of communism to take over the leadership. The U.S increased its military troops in Vietnam in the year 1965 to 1969 in order to try and defeat supporters of communism. However, U.S troops faced great challenges because they did not fully understood about the topography of Vietnam where Guerilla warfare tactics were being applied by their opponents (Rosenberg, 2013). Apiece of paper containing songs The paper contained the songs of the year 1960’s that were communicating vital message concerning the American people traditions, culture, society, theirs struggles. The most important messages contained in letter emphasized on the words like; change is goanna come and people must get ready for the struggle. For example, the song by Aretha Franklin containing the song â€Å"Respect† communicated vital message concerning struggle of the American people against racial discrimination especially among the black Americans. In his song Mr. Franklin was trying to communicate vital message to the American and society at large on the importance of respecting all kinds of people

FabIndias Entry in Australian Market Table of Contents Essay

FabIndias Entry in Australian Market Table of Contents - Essay Example This report stresses that FabIndia is India-based apparel manufacturing and retailing organisation. Apart from the manufacturing and retailing apparels, the company also offers health care and home care products. However, the unique selling proposition of the company is that it offers the apparels made of the Indian traditional techniques and fabrics. Its products are mainly manufactured in the rural areas of India where India's traditional handicrafts skilled people are available. In this process, the FabIndia has offered a significant amount of employment in rural India. On the other hand, it also gets skilled labours and other raw material as must lower cost, and hence, it is also able to offer its products at a much lower cost by targeting the middle income group of people. This paper declares that the primary product offered by FabIndia is its hand woven and printed clothes and hence, the focus on this section will be on the apparels retailing in Australia. Australian clothing and textile industry is highly developed due to availability of high quality raw materials and necessary support from the government. However, after free trade agreement with the counties like China, U.S. etc competition in the textile manufacturing has intensified significantly. Most of foreign textile traders offer their products in products by importing from their respective countries. The competition in the Australian textile industry is mainly dominated by the foreign traders and the most prominent competitors are the traders from New Zealand followed by China and Italy.

Management Accounting and Finance in U.K. museums and music Dissertation

Management Accounting and Finance in U.K. museums and music organisations - Dissertation Example Therefore in the following sections we will discuss about the historical background of the UK, the economy of the country, the political factors related to the overall administration of the country, the various social factors, the cultural aspects, the leisure activities and the financial aspects of both music organizations and museums. Background The European cultural funding have long been the subject of resentment for the arts organizations & artists of America. However over the last two years that is after 2010, as the severe minded conventional governments took step against the background of a profound fiscal emergency, countries across the European continent have focused on the arts segment for ruthless cuts. The most spectacular changes are taking place in countries that have conventionally been the major devotees of culture namely the Netherlands and the United Kingdom while locations that have been historically less charitable to the arts & culture of the society are now edg ing their funding to a meager amount. On the continent and in the nation of UK, art spaces, individual artists and museums have long been supported almost entirely with public funding, an arrangement that's tough to comprehend in the private-fundraising system prevailing in the U.S. For instance, In the Netherlands the proficient and talented artists used to get almost lifetime grants and accommodation allowance so that they could create art devoid of the requirement for a job for earning, and their unsold creations were bought by the government. In France, there was, until lately, specific unemployment assistance, planned to rush artists over amid performances. In nations... The European cultural funding have long been the subject of resentment for the arts organizations & artists of America. However over the last two years that is after 2010, as the severe minded conventional governments took step against the background of a profound fiscal emergency, countries across the European continent have focused on the arts segment for ruthless cuts. The most spectacular changes are taking place in countries that have conventionally been the major devotees of culture namely the Netherlands and the United Kingdom while locations that have been historically less charitable to the arts & culture of the society are now edging their funding to a meager amount. On the continent and in the nation of UK, art spaces, individual artists and museums have long been supported almost entirely with public funding, an arrangement that's tough to comprehend in the private-fundraising system prevailing in the U.S. For instance, In the Netherlands the proficient and talented artists used to get almost lifetime grants and accommodation allowance so that they could create art devoid of the requirement for a job for earning, and their unsold creations were bought by the government. In France, there was, until lately, specific unemployment assistance, planned to rush artists over amid performances. In nations like the, Hungary, Spain and UK all art museums were once supported with no private funding. Now the situation is changing fast. "The greatest impact within the visual arts will be on emerging productions or new works, and mainly in countries where the contemporary visual arts market is weak," said Luca Bergamo, secretary general of Culture Action Europe, a pan-European art advocacy organization based in Brussels.

Business in Action written assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business in Action written assignment - Essay Example 1. Introduction A successful business model can be defined as the way an organization creates; delivers incarcerate value to the customers. Experts believe that a successful business model must contain nine building blocks. Those blocks provide thee much required strong base to the business. Those nine blocks include customer segments, channels, and relationships with customer, value proposition, revenue streams, main resources, main activities, main partnerships and cost structure. The study has been conducted to analyze the business model of a company and understand the contribution of the nine blocks to the success of the business. The company to be discussed in this study happens to be Tesco PLC. Tesco PLC is an English multinational retailer. It is believed to be top retail outlet in the UK. The Headquarters of the company is Chesnutt, UK. It is also the third largest retailer in the country, after Walmart and Carrefour. The company has stores in fourteen countries across Europe , Asia, and North America (Chesbrough, 2007, p.45). 1.1. Value Proposition Value proposition block describes the products or services offered by the company. The offerings of the company creates value proposition for Tesco. Both through online and retail stores the company seeks to deliver value by providing a great shopping trip to the customers. One of the core values of the company is that no one tries harder for the customers than Tesco. This is very much visible in the way the company strives to improve the shopping experience. This includes all the key elements including product range, quality, availability, price and even company loyalty schemes. Irrespective of the country the modus operand of the company keeping the customers and their needs into focus remains same when it comes to delivering value (Buttle, 2012, p.107). 1.2. Customer Segments Market Segmentation can be defined as dividing a market in to different parts or group. Market segmentation can be classified as mas s segmentation, niche segmentation, segmented marketing, and differentiated segmentation. After analyzing the product mix of Tesco; it can be summed up that the company goes for differentiated segmentation as it offers a wide range of products to the customers. The product mix of the company includes Jewelleries, Sports accessories, Food and groceries, technology and gaming related products, clothing, Baby and Toddler, etc. So, the technology or gaming related products may attract the people belonging to the age group of 18 to 25 (male). The baby and toddlers are targeted towards kids, where as Jewelleries could be targeted towards the female population. Such market segmentation strategy helps the company to reach to different market segments (McDonald, 2012, p.54). 1.3. Customer relationships Managing customer relationships is all about the game of acquiring, satisfying and retaining the customers. Studies have shown that it is five times more difficult to acquire a new customer ra ther than holding on to an existing one. Studies have also revealed that companies round the globe make 65% of their revenues from existing customers. Tesco seems to be a firm believer of this philosophy. Best way to make customers happy is to listen to them well act accordingly, so that their problems can be solved enhancing the customer experience.

Extreme Situation Recorded under Status Epilepticus Case Study - 4

Extreme Situation Recorded under Status Epilepticus - Case Study Example The patient named Master Bradley Jackson was a five-year-old boy admitted to the hospital for a detailed investigation for seizures. The child was diagnosed with several tonic-clonic types of seizures majorly on the left side of the body. The patient recorded failure of consciousness and occasional situations of incontinence in his medical history during the last four months owing to seizures. The recordings on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) did not reveal any sign of recovery from his previous state. The patient was also recorded with a series of seizure episodes that lasted for 1.5 minutes each even after being treated with benzodiazepine midazolam. However, his situation got stable after the stabilizing procedure followed in the intensive care unit. After the patient got stabilized, he was shifted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and finally to the neurological department where he is being treated presently. In this regard, the case is selected for its criticality. Additionally, the case aids nurses in having a better understanding about critical assessments as well as diagnostics conducted in relation to epilepsy. Tonic-clonic is a type of seizure that covers up the entire brain and affects several operations performed by the brain. The CT scan of the patient had detected hardly any abnormalities. This can be possible as the recurrent occurrences of seizures can be indicative of the presence of certain ‘microscopic or macroscopic’ brain lesion. Conversely, this lesion cannot be identifiable by any pathological or biochemical abnormalities (Garcia & Strub, 2011). Thus, further tests should be performed in order to locate any minor injuries in the brain and also diagnose the microscopic presence of the injury in the nerve cells. The benzodiazepine midazolam is one of the best medications and most effective procedure for the treatment of seizures in children. The midazolam group of benzodiazepine is observed to be best suited for providing first aid to the child at the time of severe convulsion.

SOCIAL JUSTICE IN CONTEMPORARY NURSING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

SOCIAL JUSTICE IN CONTEMPORARY NURSING - Essay Example In spite of this, relevant studies indicate that the nursing profession has inconsistently continued to define social justice (Browne 2008, p. 83-85; Judy et al. 2010, p. E3-4), a critical concept that has introduced discrepancies between professional expectations and competence within practice. This paper will critically analyze the concept of social justice within the nursing profession by analyzing related literature and debate on policy concerns and forces that affect social justice within the practice. Also, the paper will analyse the application of nursing professional values in relation to social justice. As identified in the introductory section, the concept of social justice within the nursing practice is surrounded by inconsistencies that cut across nursing expectations and practice. A study conducted by Pfitzinger (2013, p.1) involving the review of literature published on PubMed and CINAHL databases revealed that a majority of currently published articles related to social justice within nursing lacked a defined action plan and had inconsistencies within the definition of the notion of ‘social justice’. Additionally, those that have action plans were unable to guide clearly nurses on how to engage in acts related to social justice. The education system is challenged with inadequate instructional methods that prepare the engagement and integration of concepts of social justice in nursing due to the uncertainty of the topic within practice (Browne & Tarlier 2008, p.85; Judy et al. 2010, p.E1-9). With the existence of such confusion, nurses are not expected to deal accurately with the vice of social injustice within the practice. Interestingly, pressure is mounting on instructors regarding the introduction of social justice concepts within the classroom setting with the looming confusion of defining the concept (Boutain 2005, p.405). Pfitzinger (2013, p.1) clearly explains the

Extreme Situation Recorded under Status Epilepticus Case Study - 4

Extreme Situation Recorded under Status Epilepticus - Case Study Example The patient named Master Bradley Jackson was a five-year-old boy admitted to the hospital for a detailed investigation for seizures. The child was diagnosed with several tonic-clonic types of seizures majorly on the left side of the body. The patient recorded failure of consciousness and occasional situations of incontinence in his medical history during the last four months owing to seizures. The recordings on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) did not reveal any sign of recovery from his previous state. The patient was also recorded with a series of seizure episodes that lasted for 1.5 minutes each even after being treated with benzodiazepine midazolam. However, his situation got stable after the stabilizing procedure followed in the intensive care unit. After the patient got stabilized, he was shifted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and finally to the neurological department where he is being treated presently. In this regard, the case is selected for its criticality. Additionally, the case aids nurses in having a better understanding about critical assessments as well as diagnostics conducted in relation to epilepsy. Tonic-clonic is a type of seizure that covers up the entire brain and affects several operations performed by the brain. The CT scan of the patient had detected hardly any abnormalities. This can be possible as the recurrent occurrences of seizures can be indicative of the presence of certain ‘microscopic or macroscopic’ brain lesion. Conversely, this lesion cannot be identifiable by any pathological or biochemical abnormalities (Garcia & Strub, 2011). Thus, further tests should be performed in order to locate any minor injuries in the brain and also diagnose the microscopic presence of the injury in the nerve cells. The benzodiazepine midazolam is one of the best medications and most effective procedure for the treatment of seizures in children. The midazolam group of benzodiazepine is observed to be best suited for providing first aid to the child at the time of severe convulsion.

How classic was the 1959 mini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

How classic was the 1959 mini - Essay Example In the aftermath of the Suez Canal’s closing, car sales plummeted, and the cars which were being sold off at that time had low performance and were unattractive. Upon recognizing the need for better cars, all car manufacturing companies responded by producing cars that were efficient in terms of the technology which as there at that time. Germany introduced the â€Å"bubble cars† which were slow and had only three wheels (Mini Cooper History, n.d.). Sir Leonard Lord who was then currently managing the British Motor Company did not find the bubble cars much to his taste. Coincidentally, the British Motor Company rehired Sir Alec Issigonis, who was given some basic requirements on a car that was to be developed by British Motor Company. The fundamental requisites for the said car were: Sir Alec Issigonis took the current A-series engine from the British Motor Company Austin car and set it in a transverse position on the front wheel drive chassis, while placing the radiator on the left side of the engine. The early mini that was designed by Sir Alec Issigonis was publicly released on August 26, 1959. it was sold as either the Austin Mini Seven or the Morris Mini Minor. The engine offered was the said Austin engine that had a 850cc and generates a thirty-four (34) horsepower speed (Mini Cooper History, n.d.). Since Sir Alec Issigonis had a passion for smoking and dislike of music, the first mini car design had an ashtray and without any radio for musical entertainment. It also consists of sliding windows which avoided the construction of mounting of car window handles on the car door. Hence, with the extra door space large pockets were built. It also sported a centered mounted large speedometer. The first mini sold more than 116,000 units in its first year of production (Mini Cooper History, n.d.). But given that not everyone

Theodore Roethke, “My Papa’s Waltz” (999) Essay Example for Free

Theodore Roethke, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† (999) Essay Theodore Roethke (1948) My Papas Waltz The whiskey on your breath Could make a small boy dizzy; But I hung on like death: Such waltzing was not simple. We romped until the pans Slid from the kitchen shelf; My mothers countenance Could not unfrown itself. The hand that held my wrist Was battered on one knuckle; At every step you missed My right ear scraped a buckle. You beat time on my head With a palm caked hard by dirt, Then waltzed me off to bed Still clinging to your shirt. Summary A man recounts the childhood memories of his father coming home from work and dancing with him. They dance wildly; make a mess of the kitchen. Her mother does not approve. Next the father puts him to bed with the child tightly holding on to him. Paraphrase The smell of whisky on your mouth was strong enough to make a child like me giddy. However it did not stop me from keeping a tight grip on you as this type of rowdy dancing was not easy. We danced wildly till the utensils glide from the mantelpiece. My mother did not approve of our behavior and glared at us. The hand which supported my wrist had one knuckle tattered. Each time you put a wrong step, my right ear rubbed the hard surface of your belt. You hit me occasionally on my head with your palm which was covered with solid mud. Afterwards you dance me to my bed while I kept a firm hold on your shirt. Short Decision Part After reading the poem Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, for the second time I understood that the poem is a narration of the happy childhood memories of the author. The very title of the poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, where the child mentions his father as ‘papa’ confirms the fact that the child has great affection for his father. The sentence ‘The whisky on your breath could mean that his father enjoys a drink before going to bed. The word ‘death’ means that the son enjoys but this rowdy dance is not easy so the son holds tightly to his father to avoid falling. When their wild dance made the kitchen untidy, his mother only frowned. Her silence shows that it is just a harmless dance between father and son. The sentence ‘You beat time on my head’ means that his father affectionately beat on his head with the rhythm of the dance.   I think that the last two lines, where the child tells that the father dancingly moved towards the his bed and put him to sleep, yet the child does not loosen his hold on his father’s shirt confirms that there is great and love and affection between the father and son. Reference Theodore Roethke, My Papas Waltz. 3 October 2007. http://gawow.com/roethke/poems/43.html

Looking At Little Kids Halloween Costumes Religion Essay

Looking At Little Kids Halloween Costumes Religion Essay Kids Halloween Costumes are outfits worn on the end of the month of October, i.e. on a day known as the Halloween. Its a modern day holiday that originated in the  Celtic Pagan  holiday of  Samhain which is during the Christian times, the eve of all saints day. Costumes  are also worn on this festival in an attempt to appease the  Devil.  Dressing up in costumes was prevalent in Scotland and Ireland at Halloween in the nineteenth century and  Costuming became popular for Halloween parties in the US in the early nineteenths. The first mass-produced Halloween costumes appeared in stores in the nineteen thirties, when  trick or treating  became popular in North America. Kids Halloween Costumes are distinguished from costumes of other celebrations because they are often designed to imitate supernatural and scary beings such as those of monsters like ghosts, snakes, witches, skeletons and devils. There are also Kids Halloween Costumes of pop culture figures like presidents, athletes, and television, cartoon and celebrity characters. A popular trend is for the children to use Halloween dresses in order to appear unique and scary so they can draw attention of the people around them. According to the history, Halloween Costumes Parties generally fall on the thirty first of October yearly, particularly on the Friday or the Saturdays. Similarly this very costume is related to kids fun days, like for the birthdays, weddings, movies and so on, as these functions fall on weekends. The most popular Halloween costumes for kids in the year 2009 were Kate  and  Jon  Gosselin from the Jon and Kate plus 8. Today kids Halloween costumes are largely distributed by the JustkidCostumes.com. The company offers a variety of kids Halloween costumes such as kids birthday kits, Spiderman costumes, shoe and even lady bag Costumes. Pirate Costumes: Easiest way of becoming a pirate Pirate Costumes are among the hottest outfits for the kids around the globe. Kids can now dress just like one of their favorite television heroes. Halloween Pirate Costumes are all the rage with both girls and boys of all ages. This is due to the highly entertaining box office hits, such as the Master and Commander by Russell Crowe and the Caribbean by Johnny Depp. These costumes have also popularized due to the discovery of famous ship pirates, including the Whydah and the Queen Annes Revenge. Halloween Pirate Costumes hold a great appeal to all the children. Some Exciting Teen Costume Ideas Teenagers are particularly pretty when it comes to the choice of Halloween Costumes. They like unique, modern and distinguished costumes when compared to the rest. Most of them have come up with ideas for making their costumes. A great teen costume idea can be to design a gift; take a cardboard box, one that would fit the person nicely, it should be above the knees to enable the person to walk properly, make holes for arms and for the head. Then cover the box with the wrapping paper, and finally add bows to dress up the package. Add a bow on the top of the head along with a tag that says Gods gift to men, if the character is a woman. Red Tainted Teeth with Blood, Huge Scary Nails and a Children Halloween Costume Halloweens are generally people with supernatural powers who are generally personified with a film visual or a cartoon series. Children are easy targets and are easily swiped off their feet to look like these supernatural beings. One of the easiest ways to resemble them is by wearing children Halloween costumes which are identical to the ones that they are wearing on screen. A frightful smile, red teeth tainted with blood, the lightening in the eyes and the powers to possess beings are often some of the characters of Halloween. Black is mostly associated with these beings, it being the colour depicting dark and bad. Most of the Halloween costumes that you would probably find in the market are black in colour viz., the Dracula gown, the wolf, or the spirit with white bones painted all over the dress. Children Halloween Costumes are seen during night parties or fancy dress competitions. One of the upcoming costumes in this league is the costume of the joker; a violet colour suit accompanied with the make-up of an ephemeral smile on your face. If we say that only villains dresses could be categorised under this category then we would be making a big mistake. The dress of the batman or superman could also be called a Halloween costume and is much lovable amongst children. Reveal That Extra Skin You Cannot Otherwise with the Cosplay Costumes Cosplay as is indicative of the name means playing with the costumes. Children and playing can never be distinguished from each other. Dressing up like the favourite cartoon character, or another fiction hero from a fairy tale could be just another recreation activity famous amongst the young ones. Be it the costume of the powerful batman, superman or just another character from a movie or games, there are different occasions which ask for such preparations, where people have to be dressed up like others. One of the things that could be understood from such gatherings is that, people want to try and imitate people who are strong, and the other thing can be as all of us are dressed up like different people we dont have monopoly, since nobody is rich or poor, all the birds belong to the same flock. Often such costumes are worn to reveal that extra skin, which could be socially unacceptable otherwise in the real world. Cosplay costumes are not only the clothes but are also accompanied by another props which lend a different statement altogether. A whip, a sword, a gun, or a stick with a star on its further end; which depicts the wishing sticks of an angel. Props are as necessary as are the costumes; some would even use a wig to make an innately different appearance. Black, White or Purple Kids Look Vibrantly Exclusive in the Kids Costumes The utmost happiness that a person can derive is certainly by watching their kids prosper and flourish as ever. These days the happiness is worth the standard of living of the family, which are closely relative to the kids costumes they wear. Be it a costume of a gentleman with a tuxedo and a bow or a dress with a large tail and magic stick in hand depicting an angel, the fancy clothes have always been the kids favourite. Somehow kids try to look like their elders or some fictitious character they just came past by on the television. The birth day parties and the fancy dress competitions have given an impetus for the kids costume industry. We can see most of them dressed like a cartoon hero lets say Popeye; or a person who makes the headlines, for instance, a politician. Children are the building blocks of the future generation and watching them dressed up like grown woman/man gives an undefined pleasure to the heart of the parents. This might be the case of the effluent sector, where parents can afford to buy a costume for their children for every occasion; we must not forget that there are some children who are readily suspended from the bare clothing necessities. Little Devils Covered In Infant Halloween Costumes In the last few years we have seen that infant Halloween costumes have become so popular in our society. We see babies wearing different kind of fascinating costumes on different get-togethers, parties and on major events through out the year. It has even become a tradition that parents want to dress up their children as impressively as they can. Moreover, it has become a status symbol in the society these days. Considering different events, one of the popular events is Halloween. As all people dress up for that particular day, how could one forget their little babies for that day? The most popular way to dress up your baby for the Halloween is to follow the cartoons theme. And thats what the majority of the people do. Lion king, Superman, Cinderella, Snow White, Disney princess and Batman are the most famous costumes among this age. In dressing up their babies, parents do lookup at the fact that their babies feel comfortable and easy in that particular infant Halloween costume and it should be according to seasonal requirements. And it should be easy to open in case of needing to change a baby. Although it looks somewhat expensive but your baby can enjoy it throughout the year where as taking baby for amusement to somewhere only lasts for a limited time. Future Warriors with Katanas and Ninja Costumes Recently, we have noticed that people tend to care a lot about their costumes. People from all age groups have become conscious of their dressing. It has become a tradition to dress impressively for the events throughout the year. It has even become a status symbol in the society these days. One of the major events is the Halloween. Dressing for this event differs across different age groups. Ninja costumes are one of the most popular Halloween costumes every year during Halloween-time Basically ninjas are the staple of popular culture and its fun to dress up in ninja costume for the Halloween. It does throw a scary impact on the other people present. These costumes also differ according to the prices, from a cheaper one to the most expensive one however. Usually teenager boys end up wearing these types of costumes. It has its origin from Japanese culture, and thats what we can see it in cartoons and more specifically the videogames like Shinobi etc. So this event provides a good chance for these videogame fanatics to show their love for that particular character. This particular costume includes black costume, ninja tabbi socks rubber ninja stars. Rest it depends on a person how much he can afford. Desire of Every Child: A Teen Halloween Costume Teenage is that stage of the life when looking cool and gaining others attention is considered vital in ones life. This is more like the party of life. Everybody starts getting freedom from their parents and they do like to engage themselves in fascinating activities. From boys to girls, everybody likes to party hard and become the centre of attention. It is at this phase of life when one goes through different physical and emotional changes and develops special feelings for the opposite sex. So wearing teen Halloween costumes on fancy events seems to have gained momentum now. On Halloween, teenagers have a variety of options to choose from when looking for a teen Halloween costume that is hip and cool, many of which involve a favorite character from a movie, graphic novel or cartoon. They actually want to choose that costume which no one else could wear on a Halloween party. Being unique is the motive of teenagers for getting attention. Usually boys end up wearing scary costumes whereas girls prefer somewhat sexy costumes for that party. Keeping all things aside, one does keep in mind before wearing it that it should be comfortable and easy to wear.

Mechanisms and Processes of the Internet :: Computers Technology Web Essays

Mechanisms and Processes of the Internet Electronic commerce can be defined as the conduct of commerce in goods and services, with the assistance of telecommunications and telecommunications-based tools. Here, the term telecommunications can mean any existing telecommunication networks such as Public Switched Telephone Network, Integrated Services Digital Network, or even Wireless Networks. However the major and the most important telecommunication network of E-commerce is the Internet. The great possibility and potential of E-commerce has been realized with the development of the Internet. Therefore understanding how the Internet works is quite important to better understand E-commerce and to develop E-commerce applications. In this paper I will discuss the mechanisms and process of the Internet. The structure of the paper is as follows:  · The Basic Process  · Mechanisms of the Internet  · IP address and Name Servers  · Ports and Protocols II. The Basic Process When we surf the web, we type any URL in to our browser, and the desired page pop up on our screen. At the most basic level possible, the following diagram shows what happened: Our browser formed a connection to a web server, requested a page and received it. Here are the basic steps that occurred behind the scenes:  · The browser broke the URL into 3 parts: 1) The protocol ("http"), 2) the server name ("www.howstuffworks.com"), and 3) the file name ("web-server.htm").  · The browser communicated with a name server to translate the server name "www.howstuffworks.com" into an IP Address that it can use to connect to the server machine.  · The browser then formed a connection to the server at that IP address on port 80.  · Following the HTTP protocol, the browser sent a GET request to the server asking for the file "web-server.htm".  · The server returned the HTML text for the web page to the browser. The browser read the HTML tags and formatted the page onto your screen. III. Mechanisms of the Internet 1. Mechanisms The Internet is a gigantic collection of millions of computers that are all linked together on a computer network.

Analyzing Internet Sources

The first and more important thing I learned was to look for credible sources. One way to do this is to look for bias and opinion. You should look for sources that are based solely on facts and will not attempt to shape your opinion of the topic when you read it. Another thing is to make sure you find your information in other sources to verify it is true and correct. Remember that it is difficult to spot credible sources online. Another thing to keep on mind are legal issues regarding copyright and plagiarism. Just because something is online does not mean it is unprotected. I will use these practices by making sure that I do more extensive research when I find something online. Just because it is there doesn’t make it true. I want to stay free of any problems of that nature and make my work reflect my abilities as a student. How can you determine if the information on a website is reputable and worthwhile for a research paper? Why is Wikipedia not an acceptable academic source? You can determine if the information is reputable and worthwhile by first looking at the URL. Most of the time if it ends with . edu or . gov it will be a good one. Also, another good thing to do is to research the authors and their credentials. You want to know who is writing this information and how qualified they really are. Another good tip is to look at the date. Let’s say you are writing about something that happened recently. There can be new developments on the story daily and you want all your information to be up to date and correct. Wikipedia is not an acceptable academic source because it is an open source of information. That information is not monitored at any time and can be posted by anybody. Some people even go on Wikipedia and say they are an anonymous writer. How can you know it’s true if you don’t know who wrote it?

Administrative Management Theory Advantages and Disadvantages

STRENGTH 1. It is the most comprehensive administrative management theory Henri Fayol's theory is extremely comprehensive as a way to deal with management techniques. It is also the most used because it has been proven  to work. It’s being comprehensive as it covers just  about anything  one might need to do in a management position to ensure success. WEAKNESSES 1. It is still based on human  application The weaknesses to the theory are that it is still based on humans.As humans we are naturally going to make  mistakes. The theory  works on  the basis of having harmony among people in which unity forms to create a strong management team. However, when  mistakes  are made it can undermine the entire strength of the team. Furthermore, if a person is found to be false and will not  admit  it, more problems can ensue. This is the same weaknesses of any system that relies on humans to be in control given various factors like personality and that  mistakes  can be made.2. Reliance on experience Many of the writers in the management developed their ideas on the basis of their experiences as managers or consultants with only certain types of organizations. For instance, Fayol's work came primarily from his experiences with large manufacturing firms that were experiencing stable environments. It may be unwise to general ize from those situations to others especially to young, high-technology firms of today that are confronted daily with changes in their competitors' products.3. Untested assumptions Many of the assumptions made by classical writers were based not on scientific tests but on value judgments that expressed what they believed to be proper life-styles, moral codes, and attitudes toward success. For instance, the classical approaches seem to view the life of a worker as beginning and ending at the plant door. Their basic assumption is that workers are primarily motivated by money and that they work only for more money.They also assume that productivity is the best measure of how well a firm is performing. These assumptions fail to recognize that employees may have wants and needs unrelated to the workplace or may view their jobs only as a necessary evil4. Unintended consequences Administrative management approaches aim at achieving high productivity, at making behaviors predictable, and a t achieving fairness among workers and between managers and workers, yet they fail to recognize that several unintended consequences can occur in practice.For instance, a heavy emphasis on rules and regulations may cause people to obey rules blindly without remembering their original intent. Oftentimes, since rules establish a minimum level of performance expected of employees, a minimum level is all they achieve. Perhaps much more could be achieved if the rules were not so explicit.My take is that when he talks about â€Å"advantages and disadvantages of administrative management† he is talking very specifically about administrative rule making authority.Most administrative agencies have little or no rule making authority (FBI, DOJ, BATF), these exercise purely executive power. Some have been given tightly constrained rule making authority.A few, such as the EPA have been given fairly broad rule making authority. That can be come a problem.â€Å"Again, the complexities of m odern life that gave rise to the Los Angeles smog problem are well documented. The EPA and its regulations made my air healthier. I'd say that was being â€Å"reasonable†.†Yes, they were being reasonable back then. The stopped being reasonable some time around the mid 1990s. The problem is when their manager's salaries are determined by their budget and number of employees, how do you get them to recognize when it's time to stop? How do you get them to admit that while yes, continuing to enforce the existing rules is important, there is, as with all things, a point of diminishing returns where each new rule does more harm than good.REFERENCES1. http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_schools/classical_school.htm2. http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_gurus/henri_fayol.htm3.http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_schools/classical_school.htm

History of Western Civilization Essay

An outstanding single event that happened in history during the ancient period was the development of the alphabet in Egypt around 2800 BC. This was in the form of hieroglyphics, which was the writing system devised by the Egyptians in order to improve their communication processes. The symbols developed by the hieroglyphics represented important messages and information that helped to clearly improve the way of living of the Egyptian people. Although the hieroglyphics are not used anymore today as part of the modern alphabet, it clearly became the basis for the establishment of the English, Greek and Latin alphabets that were further developed by people that lived during the Western civilizations. It was through the hieroglyphics that the concepts of vowels and consonants evolved, and the improved alphabets were effectively merged with different Western languages that enabled them to use better methods of communication (Budge, 2009). The legacy that the establishment of hieroglyphics has left to the modern era is the gift of improved written communication. With a recognized set of alphabet, people at present have been able to effectively express their ideas and sentiments through various forms of written communication. With the emergence of various technologies like mobile phones and computers, written communication has even become easier and able to reach people from various parts of the globe. Thus, people are given the opportunity to effectively convey their messages to one another by using a common alphabet and language system that they can understand, preventing unnecessary conflicts or misunderstandings that could potentially happen along the process of communication. The establishment of the Oxford University in 1249 is another outstanding single event that deserves consideration. Oxford University is one of the first academic institutions that were established all over the world, and it is already one of the oldest at present. The various religious sects in England had the initiative to establish an academic institution where the people can be able to get formal learning and improve their knowledge and understanding about various subject matters. Because of the massive influences of the medieval, renaissance and early Industrial Revolution periods, even the people from Western civilizations traveled to Europe and aimed to study at Oxford University where the best teachers all over the world can be found (Feingold, 2010). Music, religion, politics, science and law were the common subjects being taught at Oxford University, and the students returned to their respective countries bringing along with them the knowledge that they learned and applying them into the society. The legacy that the establishment of Oxford University has left to the modern era is that it provided the inspiration for the Western and Eastern worlds to make education of people a top priority. The significant intellectual improvements of students that studied at Oxford University paved the way for the foundation of many other universities all over the world. For example, America was able to establish its first university, Harvard, in 1636. It became clear for people that they had to get formal education in various schools and universities for them to be able to maximize their skills and capabilities and be able to become productive citizens and contribute positively to society. An outstanding individual during the ancient period was Plato. Originating from Greece, Plato’s ideas undoubtedly helped to shape the Western philosophy. His ideas on Platonic realism, theory of forms and the definition of knowledge helped to educate the people and made them think about their own perspectives about these matters. Plato also founded the Academy, an academic institution that was meant to help people to have a better knowledge and understanding about things that they were interested about. Perhaps the best contribution of Plato for the Western civilizations was his ideas on the ideal state. He believed that in order for the state to be able to function effectively, the society had to be properly organized into people that will lead, people that will serve, and people that will give recommendations and advice (Taylor, 2001). These people have to be able to work harmoniously so that the state can attain peace and progress in a sustainable manner. Plato also reminded that the people also had to make certain sacrifices whenever necessary so that the state can be able to stand strong and repulse any attempts from its enemies to destroy it. All these ideas of Plato have surely left a lasting legacy in the modern era as most governments still make use of his ideas on the ideal state to be able to guide them in the process of leadership and governance. His philosophical ideas are still being taught and debated in various academic institutions and have paved the way for people to appreciate Plato’s intellectual brilliance especially during his time where so many people were aspiring to make a huge difference in society. Another outstanding individual that lived during the Renaissance-early Industrial Revolution periods was Niccolo Machiavelli. Originating from Italy, Machiavelli’s contributions to Western civilization were mainly rooted on political science. Known for his courage and boldness in citing his opinions on various political matters, Machiavelli is well recognized for his unique ideas that even became the inspiration of other philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Leo Strauss. Perhaps the best contribution of Niccolo Machiavelli was his masterpiece entitled The Prince. This book expressed Machiavelli’s ideas regarding a more deliberate and forceful transfer of power. He believed that when the leader of the state was not performing his roles and responsibilities, the people need not to wait for the leader to step down (Ford, 2005). Machiavelli mentioned that the people can be empowered to forcefully expel the leader of the state from his position and choose the best and most suitable leader as the replacement. He thought that this was a necessary evil in order to restore balance and orderliness in the society instead of the people doing nothing and allowing the ineffective and corrupt leader to continue to stay in power and eventually become stronger in time. Thus, these ideas of Niccolo Machiavelli paved the way for the establishment of the people empowerment concept, which is his legacy for the modern era. Although people at present do not really aim to kill their incompetent leaders or incite chaos to demonstrate their discontent, they use the ideas of Niccolo Machiavelli as their inspiration to have the courage to stand up and make their voices of displeasure be heard.

Conflict and Critical Theory of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Conflict and Critical Theory of Crime - Essay Example Therefore, labeling or defining individuals as criminal offenders spurs processes that stabilize or reinforce participation in a crime or other conditions present before the labeling. Lemert’s contribution in criminology was significant, especially in differentiating between primary and secondary deviation. He referred to primary deviance as instances when individuals engage in behavior that violates the norms of a society without seeing himself or herself as taking part in a deviant action. The deviations are dealt with or rationalized as roles of socially satisfactory roles. On the other hand, secondary deviation refers to occurrence when an individual starts to employ deviant function or action as a defense, adjustment, or attack mechanism to the covert and overt issues developed by the resultant societal response to him. Some of the objective evidences associated with this change are in symbolic appurtenances of the novel role, speech, clothes, and mannerisms (Cordella and Siegel 130). Today, the labelling theory presents as highly significant aspect in criminal justice. Criminology experts can reduce crimes greatly by applying the labeling theory. The main idea behind employing this theory is that it assists in deciphering the reasons behind criminal intents and behaviors. By gaining an understanding why individuals take part in a crime, experts can devise ways to break the cycle, curb crime, and offer rehabilitation to the deviating individuals. However, this premise needs extensive research to perfect on ways that are appropriate to curb

Popular culture 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Popular culture 6 - Assignment Example In comparison to other generations, it is more heterogeneous, embraces social diversity in terms of race, class religion ethnicity and sexual orientation. The evolution and film and video during this generation took a different dimension. It was the time when music video spread to all cultures. Generation x is made for the TV film which was first aired on Fox in 1996. It is farther based on the marvel comic which was produced by the new world entertainment. The x men are a television movie about the generation of x comic. It was one but longer considered. It was bunch of teenagers who were blessed or cursed with superhuman power. They would attend school where the teacher’s morality is questionable. In addition to video, this generation also started music video in which one could sing be displayed. This generation shares some things in common with film and video the area chosen. The element of dictatorship in the school in the video which characterized this generation was manifested in the video. The change was their main agenda from the parent view to leaders to a normal one. The play in the video is to advocate for human righ ts and dignity. The video music describe a sexual orientation generations with multiple sexual partner contributing the spread of HIV/AIDS. The disease affects people across all culture implying that there is intermarriage across the cultural boundaries. The actors in the cosmic play portray a picture in which there is lack justice for the poor. Due to high moral decay, corruption is considered as a vice that affect the society in many aspect. The need for change in all the sectors of economy is eminent right from the leaning, social and political institutions. To condemn the evil practice in this generation video and film are the best method in which to attack those that practice the evil practices indirectly in the

American life between the years 1919-1929 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American life between the years 1919-1929 - Essay Example Besides, there were hysterical fears regarding the red Russia, which were attributed to the influence caused by Bolshevik revolution that had occurred earlier in 1917; in fact, this paper will focus on exploring significant issues concerning life between the years 1919 to 1929. During this period, there was anxiety heightened by epidemic attack, which had convulsed the America at the end of the war; in fact, some people had a belief that there were labor tribulations fomented by Bolsheviks. Moreover, this led to campaigns against people who were suspected of having relations with radicals that had been deported to Russia due to cases of Wall Street bombing that led to death of thirty eight people (Aboukhadijeh 1). Furthermore, it was during the same period that a number of state legislature was passed, which involved laws on criminal syndicalism. Besides, this prohibited advocacy of violence in the effort to securing social change, through use of words to achieve the same were not cr iminalized. Conservative businesspeople abolished their association with unions, thereby leading to a reflection of cases referred to as â€Å"judicial lynching.† These cases led to conviction of people such as Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti; in fact, this case involved prejudice by the judge against the defendant due to the mere fact that they were foreigners from Italy, however, this led to rallies made by liberal radicals, and this led to their execution (Aboukhadijeh 1). It was during the same period that America saw the spawning of Ku Klux Klan after the reaction of the war aftermath; in fact, this was seriously spread during the 1920s (Aboukhadijeh 1). Moreover, this was related to notions against Catholics, Jews, Pacifist, Communist, birth-control, evolution, and internationalist; thus, Klan was spreading vigorously to the Midwest of south peak in the mod 1920s, thereby affecting more than five million American citizens. Later in 1920s, there were efforts, made b y some American to end this movement through the congressional investigation after a stern warning. This period was also faced with increased number of immigrants, who entered and settled in the country; in fact there approximately eight hundred thousand, whereby two-third came from southern and eastern part of Europe. On the other hand, it was during the same period, the Congress focused in ending the breach with Emergency Quota Act of 1921, whereby immigrants from Europe were constrained in duration of year based on the quota (Aboukhadijeh 1). Later in 1924, there was a replacement of the Immigration Act with a stopgap legislation that had been formulated in 1921. In fact, this led to reduction of the three to two percent of the national origins for those who migrated. Apparently, there were prohibitions against immigrants from Japan, since America was not allies with this country; in fact, others in this list included Canadians and Latin Americans. Therefore, the immigration act in 1924 was the end of the immigration that has been unrestricted; thus, by this moment America has turned into country with numerous ethnic communities. There were efforts aimed at organizing the labor unions but they were all in vain due to ethnic difference, which led discrimination based on social class and political solidarity. During this period, there were progressive reforms aimed at prohibiting the support for crusading churches and women, due to Eighteenth Amendment in 1919 (Aboukhadijeh 1).